The States of Matter
All things in the world are made of matter. Most matter falls under one of the three types: solid, liquid, or gas.
As heat is applied or added to matter, the molecules gain kinetic energy, speed up, and move farther apart from each other. This raises the temperature of the matter and causes the matter to change state.
As heat is reduced or taken away from the matter, the molecules lose kinetic energy, slow down, and move closer towards each other. This lowers the temperature of the matter and can also cause the matter to change state.
As heat is applied or added to matter, the molecules gain kinetic energy, speed up, and move farther apart from each other. This raises the temperature of the matter and causes the matter to change state.
As heat is reduced or taken away from the matter, the molecules lose kinetic energy, slow down, and move closer towards each other. This lowers the temperature of the matter and can also cause the matter to change state.
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Heat Transfer
Heat always flows from warmer objects to colder objects until the objects reach an equilibrium or until the objects reach the same temperature. When the two objects reach the same temperature, the overall/average heat flow stops and doesn't flow more in either direction.
Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation.
Conduction - the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance.
Convection - When a fluid, such as air or a liquid, is heated and then travels away from the source, it carries the thermal energy along.
Radiation - the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation.
Conduction - the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance.
Convection - When a fluid, such as air or a liquid, is heated and then travels away from the source, it carries the thermal energy along.
Radiation - the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Law of conservation of mass/matter
The Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass states that matter can't be created from nothing or destroyed into nothing. Instead, the matter only changes from one state of matter to another. Therefore the amount of matter we start with, has to be equal to the amount of matter we end up with during both physical and chemical changes.
This means that the mass of an object, or the amount of matter the object is made of, has been conserved or stayed the same.
This means that the mass of an object, or the amount of matter the object is made of, has been conserved or stayed the same.
Physical Changes vs. Chemical Changes of Matter
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Density
Density is a measure of how closely packed the atoms are in a substance. If an object has a greater density than water (1 g/ml) the object will sink and it will float if the object has a lower density than water.
Buoyancy describes an objects' ability to float. The higher the density the lower the buoyancy.
Density = Mass / Volume
Buoyancy describes an objects' ability to float. The higher the density the lower the buoyancy.
Density = Mass / Volume
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis - The cycle of plants and how they make energy! The sun(light energy), water, minerals and carbon dioxide are all absorbed by the plant. The plant then uses them to make glucose/sugar, which is the energy/food for the plant. Oxygen is also produced by the plant in this cycle, which is then let off into the air! Have you noticed how clean and pure the air feels when there are plants around? They are filling the air with oxygen!
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the chemical reaction in which glucose and oxygen are turned into water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP). In this reaction, glucose and oxygen are reactants, while water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP) are products. (photosynthesis equation backwards except light energy is changed to ATP).
